Albuterol is approved for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Drug side effects are usually dose-related and more commonly seen with oral use. The most common ones include high blood pressure , tachycardia rapid heart rate , heart palpitations, tremors, and sleep disturbances.
These medications are often used with caution in people who have heart disease. Anticholinergics are medications that block acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic nerves in the lungs that constricts the muscles of the bronchi. By blocking the action of acetylcholine, anticholinergic medications counteract constriction and spasms in the airways to help you breathe easier. The anticholinergics currently approved in the U. There is also a combination inhaled formulation called Combivent, which contains ipratropium and the short-acting beta-agonist albuterol.
The most common side effects of anticholinergic drugs are dry mouth and a metallic aftertaste. In rare cases, glaucoma has been known to occur. These medications can also cause cardiac side effects. Methylxanthines are a unique class of drug known to alleviate airflow obstruction, reduce inflammation, and temper bronchial contractions.
These drugs are used for treatment of chronic and acute asthma. They are currently available in either pill, liquid, and intravenous formulations. However, their mechanism of action is not well understood and, while effective, the drugs are not commonly first-line treatment choices due to their range of side effects.
The two methylxanthine drugs approved in the U. The side effects may include headaches, insomnia, nausea, diarrhea, jitteriness, rapid breathing, and heartburn.
If you or your child is prescribed a bronchodilator, it's important that you learn how to use it properly so that you can absorb the medication into your lungs. Using a metered-dose inhaler MDI can be tricky at first.
You can ask a provider on your medical team or at the pharmacy to help you learn how to use it or to watch you the first time you try it. Carefully go through these steps when using your inhaler.
Be sure to ask how to store your medicine, whether you need to pump a few sprays before each use, and how to know when your device is getting empty.
When you're still having trouble breathing even after using your bronchodilator inhaler, you may be tempted to use it again to give yourself a second dose or third or fourth of the medication. Despite the temptation, it's important to stick with the dose prescribed. If you feel as if your medication isn't helping your condition, discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider.
Also, be sure to follow the following safety tips:. Don't skip using your inhaler if you can't afford your prescription. There are several discount prescription programs available, and your healthcare provider may be able to provide you with free samples.
Bronchodilators are a mainstay of treatment for many respiratory diseases. Your healthcare provider may also prescribe anti-inflammatory medication, such as a corticosteroid, to reduce inflammation and help you breathe easier. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Bronchodilators in cystic fibrosis: a critical analysis. Expert Rev Respir Med. Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
Khaled Almadhoun; Sandeep Sharma. A nebulizer uses bronchodilator medication in the form of a liquid and turns it into an aerosol that the person then inhales through a mouthpiece. Some bronchodilators are available in soft mist inhalers. Soft mist inhalers deliver an aerosol cloud into the lungs without a propellant. Research published in the International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease indicates that aerosol from a soft mist inhaler are slower-moving and longer-lasting than those from MDIs, meaning they deliver more medication to the lungs and less on the back of the throat.
Determining the best way to administer a bronchodilator is vital to ensure that a person gets the correct dose of medication. For example, if a person cannot effectively coordinate taking an MDI, some of the medication may end up in the back of the throat or the mouth instead of the lungs.
The severity of the side effects is sometimes dose-dependent. The higher the dose, the more likely it is that side effects may develop. However, side effects can also occur with small doses. Side effects may also differ depending on whether the bronchodilator is a beta 2-agonist or an anticholinergic.
Possible side effects of bronchodilators include:. It is also possible that a bronchodilator can have the opposite effect and make constriction worse or lead to bronchospasm. As with all medications, an allergic reaction is also possible with bronchodilators.
Bronchodilators are a class of medication that relax the muscles surrounding the airways. Bronchodilators are one of the main treatments for respiratory diseases, such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. The two types of bronchodilators prescribed for lung disease include short-acting and long-acting medications. Although bronchodilators can reduce symptoms, such as wheezing and trouble breathing, they may also cause side effects.
People with lung conditions can work with their healthcare provider to determine if the benefits of bronchodilators outweigh the possible side effects. Clenbuterol is a steroid-type drug that is used for veterinary purposes and, in some countries, to treat asthma. In the United States it is not…. Using a rescue inhaler can provide relief during an asthma attack, but there are many different types and uses. Learn more about them here.
Many people with asthma wonder whether inhalers are still safe to use after their expiry dates. Here, learn about expiration, risks, and more. Home nebulizers are an effective way to deliver medicine into the airways. Learn more about home nebulizer therapy here, including how to use the…. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD refers to two lung diseases that cause difficulty breathing. Smoking is the most common cause. Learn more…. What to know about bronchodilators.
These nerves release chemicals that can cause the muscles lining the airways to tighten. In people with benign prostatic hyperplasia or a bladder outflow obstruction, anticholinergics can cause urination problems. Glaucoma can get worse if anticholinergic medication unintentionally gets into the eyes.
Theophylline is usually taken in tablet or capsule form, but a different version called aminophylline can be given directly into a vein intravenously if your symptoms are severe. It's unclear exactly how theophylline works, but it seems to reduce any inflammation swelling in the airways, in addition to relaxing the muscles lining them.
The effect of theophylline is weaker than other bronchodilators and corticosteroids. It's also more likely to cause side effects, so is often only used alongside these medicines if they're not effective enough.
Theophylline may cause these conditions to get worse. In people with liver problems, it can sometimes lead to a dangerous build-up of medication in the body. Other medicines can also cause abnormal build-up of theophylline in the body and this should always be checked by your doctor.
The side effects of bronchodilators can vary, depending on the specific medication you're taking. Make sure you read the leaflet that comes with your medication to see what the specific side effects are. Read more about the side effects of bronchodilators. However, speak to your GP if you regularly use bronchodilators and are considering having a baby or think you might be pregnant.
Pregnancy may affect your asthma , so it's important to continue taking your medication and have it monitored regularly, to ensure the condition is controlled. Bronchodilators may interact with other medicines, which could affect the way they work or increase your risk of side effects.
Some of the medicines that can interact with bronchodilators particularly theophylline include:. This isn't a complete list of all the medications that can interact with bronchodilators, and not all of these interactions apply to each type of bronchodilator. You should always carefully read the patient information leaflet PIL that comes with your medication.
Bronchodilators can sometimes cause side effects, although these are usually mild or short-lived. Some of the main side effects of bronchodilators are described below, but this isn't an exhaustive list. They may not all apply to the specific medication you're taking. For information on the side effects of a particular bronchodilator, check the patient information leaflet PIL that comes with your medication.
These side effects often improve and disappear completely after you've been using beta-2 agonists for a few days or weeks. Contact your GP if your side effects persist, as your dose may need to be adjusted. More serious side effects are rare, but can include sudden constriction of the airways paradoxical bronchospasm with some inhalers.
Excessive doses occasionally causing heart attacks and a severely low level of potassium in the blood hypokalemia.
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